Paper 1- The Start of the League of nations
Source A
To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.
Articles 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919-1920, Versailles.
Source B
Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
Articles 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919-1920, Versailles.
Source C
‘’Billions of wealth, now utterly lost and destroyed, would still be in existence to comfort and enrich the life of nations, and millions of men, women, and children, gunned to death in battle, or carried away by famine and pestilence, would still be alive to enjoy the normal portion of human happiness and to contribute by their labor and their love to the making of a better world. The four horsemen of the apocalypse rode abroad in the world, taking their toll among the fairest and best of the children of men, only because there was no bridle, no League of Nations to restrain their wild and destructive force.’’
Expert from a speech by U.S. Secretary of War Newton Baker, in 1919, on the League of Nations. He was a supporter of President Woodrow Wilson's plan for a post-war League of Nations as a means of settling international disputes, in order to avoid another war.
Source D
‘….outlined various reasons for the Senate opposition to the League treaty. These Senators, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, argued the League of Nations treaty should be opposed because it was written in secret, it committed the United States to use force in other nation-states that were not in its national interest, it gave away American sovereignty, and it abrogated the Monroe Doctrine.’’
A secondary sources excerpt, written by Jason A Edwards, looking at some of the reasons why the American senate opposed the League of Nations.
Source E
To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.
Articles 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919-1920, Versailles.
Source B
Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
Articles 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 1919-1920, Versailles.
Source C
‘’Billions of wealth, now utterly lost and destroyed, would still be in existence to comfort and enrich the life of nations, and millions of men, women, and children, gunned to death in battle, or carried away by famine and pestilence, would still be alive to enjoy the normal portion of human happiness and to contribute by their labor and their love to the making of a better world. The four horsemen of the apocalypse rode abroad in the world, taking their toll among the fairest and best of the children of men, only because there was no bridle, no League of Nations to restrain their wild and destructive force.’’
Expert from a speech by U.S. Secretary of War Newton Baker, in 1919, on the League of Nations. He was a supporter of President Woodrow Wilson's plan for a post-war League of Nations as a means of settling international disputes, in order to avoid another war.
Source D
‘….outlined various reasons for the Senate opposition to the League treaty. These Senators, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, argued the League of Nations treaty should be opposed because it was written in secret, it committed the United States to use force in other nation-states that were not in its national interest, it gave away American sovereignty, and it abrogated the Monroe Doctrine.’’
A secondary sources excerpt, written by Jason A Edwards, looking at some of the reasons why the American senate opposed the League of Nations.
Source E
Paper 1 Questions
1. a) What were the intentions of the League of Nations for the countries which were a "consequence of the late war" described by Source A?
(3 marks)
b) What is the message conveyed by source E?
(2 marks)
2. Compare and contrast the views of sources A and E concerning the mandate system of the League of Nations.
(6 marks)
3.With reference to their origin and purposes, asses the value’s and limitations of Source C and D for historians studying the issues with the League of Nations.
(6 marks)
4. Using the sources and your knowledge,explain how did the League of Nations fail to create world peace in the younger/newly created nations of Europe?
(8 marks)
1. a) What were the intentions of the League of Nations for the countries which were a "consequence of the late war" described by Source A?
(3 marks)
b) What is the message conveyed by source E?
(2 marks)
2. Compare and contrast the views of sources A and E concerning the mandate system of the League of Nations.
(6 marks)
3.With reference to their origin and purposes, asses the value’s and limitations of Source C and D for historians studying the issues with the League of Nations.
(6 marks)
4. Using the sources and your knowledge,explain how did the League of Nations fail to create world peace in the younger/newly created nations of Europe?
(8 marks)